Machine Economic Order: A Full-Stack Path to Agentic Commerce
机器的经济秩序：智能体商业全栈路径
Summary
A six-layer protocol stack for agent-run commerce — from capability discovery to payment and delivery — where fiat rails (AP2) and stablecoin rails (x402) act as complementary engines rather than competitors.
Why it matters
As agents move from advising to transacting, the missing layer is not intelligence but a trusted commerce protocol. This report maps that stack end to end.
Key ideas
Discovery, trust, ordering, authorization, payment and delivery form a six-layer stack.
ERC-8004 gives Web3 a structural advantage at the trust and identity layer.
Fiat and stablecoin rails are complementary dual engines, not a zero-sum contest.
Versions
Chinese and English versions of this report.
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